The study on 235delC mutation of GJB2 gene in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the rate of 235delC mutation in GJB2 gene in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss, and to explore its possible correlation with pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.@*METHOD@#Two hundred and thirty-four patients with diagnosis of idiopathic sudden hearing loss in otolaryngology department were recruited as experimental group. Eighty people with normal hearing level were enrolled as control group. Their peripheral blood samples were obtained and genomic DNA was extracted. Using polymerase chain reaction, the coding region of GJB2 gene was amplified, and 235delC mutation is screened for in GJB2 gene by restriction endonuclease. At same time the clinical data of 234 patients was collected to analyze.@*RESULT@#In 234 cases of idiopathic sudden hearing loss, 5 cases were found to have heterozygous 235delC mutation, none of them harbored homozygous 235delC mutation, the 235delC mutation rate was 2.1% (5/234). No 235delC mutation was found in control group. The rate of 235delC mutation in two group showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This research shows that the rate of 235delC mutation in GJB2 is low in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss, and suggest that 235delC mutation possible has no correlation with idiopathic sudden hearing loss.

Formation characteristics and significance of bacteria biofilm in middle ear mucosa of rats with chronic suppurative otitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish the rat model of chronic suppurative otitis media and observe the formation of bacterial biofilm in middle ear mucosa of animal models and discuss the role of bacterial biofilm in the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media.@*METHOD@#Twenty-eight rats were divided into six experimental groups and a control group evenly. All rats in experimental groups were infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa solution in 1 X 10(6) cfu/ml concentration through the tympanic membrane puncture approach to bilateral middle ear cavity. On the first, sixth, tenth, fifteenth and twenty-first st day after inoculation respectively, four rats in one experimental group were narcotized, then two-sided tympanic membrane of each rat were observed by using electric otoscope. We rated on the severity of the inflammation from the general pathology level (0 for normal, four for the most serious). After the execution, the two-sided otocysts were obtained. The left was made to SEM specimen and the shape of bacterial biofilm in middle ear mucous was observed. The right was observed by CLSM. Control group were executed at the beginning of the experiment.@*RESULT@#(1) Bacterial biofilm in line with their respective criteria were found at the six days after the inoculation, and were more typical in shape after ten days. Then the states maintained stably within three weeks. (2) By observing tympanic membrane under electric otoscope, it can be seen that the inflammation severity of otitis media aggravated gradually in the first ten days and achieved the peak, then the state continued to the third week. The differences of tympanic membrane rating between one day group and six day group, six day group and ten day group were statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#(1) In this experiment, the process of bacterial biofilm development in rats model is: from beginning to the five days, the bacteria adhere and accumulates. After six days, the 3D structure of bacterial biofilm preliminary formatted. After ten days, the bacterial biofilm achieves the mature and steady state. (2) With the growth and maturity of bacterial biofilm in middle ear mucosa, the inflammation of otitis media is gradually increasing, which suggests that the inflammation severity of otitis media and the maturation of bacterial biofilm in middle ear mucosa are closely related.

The investigation of the strategy of surgical treatment of cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical treatment of cholesterol granuloma in middle ear.@*METHOD@#Nineteen patients of cholesterol granuloma in middle ear were retrospectively study. All the patients were treated with tympanic tube insertion, canal wall up mastoidectomy or intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy respectively.@*RESULT@#All the cases were followed up from 6 months to 3.3 years. Two patients recurred among the 4 patients treated with tympanic tube insertion, 3 patients recurred among 8 patients treated with canal wall up mastoidectomy, and no recurrence was found among 7 patients treated with intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy. 12 patients had their hearing improved obviously among 14 patients without recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#For the juvenile patients with a short medical history occurred for the first time, tympanic tube insertion merely is a rea sonable choice after the factor of obstruction of the pharyngotympanic tube was removed. For the patients with a long medical history and comprehensive lesions, or occurred repeatedly after being treated with tympanic tube in sertion or canal wall up mastoidectomy, the intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy should be a good choice.

Cause analysis of radical mastoidectomy failure / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the common reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy in order to improve the result of treatment and obtain a dry ear.@*METHOD@#Twenty-eight cases, who achieved no dry ear after radical mastoidectomy,underwent secondary surgery.@*RESULT@#All cases obtained dry ear without vertigo or facial paralysis after operation and postoperative dressing.@*CONCLUSION@#The reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy result from the incomplete clearance of lesions, the insufficient ventilation of mastoid cavities, the inappropriate postoperative dressings or the residual foreign bodies in surgical cavity. It is the key points to achieve skeletonization adequately, to eliminate the pathological tissues thoroughly under microscope, and to ensure unobstructed drainage of surgical cavities for preventing secondary surgery.

Cause analysis of radical mastoidectomy failure / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the common reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy in order to improve the result of treatment and obtain a dry ear.Method:Twenty-eight cases,who achieved no dry ear after radical mastoidectomy,underwent secondary surgery.Result:All cases obtained dry ear without vertigo or facial paralysis after operation and postoperative dressing.Conclusion:The reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy result from the incomplete clearance of lesions, the insufficient ventilation of mastoid cavities, the inappropriate postoperative dressings or the residual foreign bodies in surgical cavity.It is the key points to achieve skeletonization adequately, to eliminate the pathological tissues thoroughly under microscope, and to ensure unobstructed drainage of surgical cavities for preventing secondary surgery.

Neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid to spiral ganglion cells in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Our study investigated the neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid (QA) to spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), observed the protective effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 and magnesium ions on the QA-induced injury to SGCs, and analyzed the role of QA in otitis media with effusion (OME)-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). After culture in vitro for 72 h, SGCs were exposed to different media and divided into 4 groups: the blank control group, the QA injury group, the MK-801 treatment group, and the MgCl(2) protection group. The apoptosis rate of SGCs was analyzed by Annexin V and PI double staining under the fluorescence microscopy 24 h later. SGCs were cultured in vitro for 72 h and divided into four groups: the low concentration QA group, the high concentration QA group, the MK-801 group, the MgCl(2) group. The transient changes of intracellular calcium concentration were observed by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Apoptosis rate in QA injury group was higher than that in blank control group and MgCl(2) protection group (both P0.05). In high concentration QA group, there was an obvious increase of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs, which didn't present in low concentration QA group. In MgCl(2) group, the peak values of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs were reduced and the duration was shortened, but the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs had no significant change in MK-801 group. It was concluded that QA could injure SGCs by excessively activating NMDA receptors on the cell membrane, which might be the mechanism by which OME induced SNHL, while Mg(2+) could protect the SCGs from the neurotoxicity of QA.

Low dose of ouabain protects injury of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the protective effect of low dose ouabain on injury of cultured spiral ganglion neurons evoked by trophic factors deprived and to explore the mechanism.@*METHOD@#Spiral ganglion neurons were cultured in vitro for 7 days, and then exposed to Neurobasal medium + B27 supplement, Neurobasal medium only or Neurobasal medium + 10 nmol/L ouabain, respectively. After 48 h exposed to different medium, spiral ganglion neurons were stained by FITC labeled Annexin-V and PI, then apoptosis index were calculated using fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, spiral ganglion tissues were cultured for 48 h to evaluate dendrite growth of spiral ganglion neurons in each group. Immunocytochemistry were performed to detect the level of Bcl-2 in each group at 6 h and 12 h.@*RESULT@#Spiral ganglion neurons exposed to Neurobasal medium +10 nmol/L ouabain have a similar apoptosis index compare with that of Neurobasal medium + B27 supplement, but a much lower apoptosis index than that of Neurobasal medium only. In addition, dendrite growth of spiral ganglion neurons exposed to Neurobasal medium +10 nmol/L ouabain was much longer than that of Neurobasal medium only. Bcl-2 level increased in spiral ganglion neurons exposed to Neurobasal medium + 10 nmol/L ouabain at 6 h.@*CONCLUSION@#Low dose of ouabain protects injury of spiral ganglion neurons evoked by trophic factors deprived in vitro. This effect may mediated by increasing the level of Bcl-2.

Epidemic parotitis being accompanied by acute pancreatitis and sensorineural hearing loss: case report and literature review / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To review and explore the clinical characteristics, acoustic features, early diagnosis and prognosis of epidemic parotitis being accompanied by acute pancreatitis and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).@*METHOD@#Report and analysis the clinical data of a patient with epidemic parotitis being accompanied by acute pancreatitis and sensorineural hearing loss and review the relevant literatures.@*RESULT@#Epidemic parotitis virus could produce lesion in more than one organ resulting in the corresponding complications. It was uncommon when a patient presented epidemic parotitis, acute pancreatitis and sensorineural hearing loss at the same time. Unilaterally total hearing loss was the most common type of the SNHL, and the prognosis was bad.@*CONCLUSION@#Epidemic parotitis can be accompanied by one or more complication, including SNHL. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is of great value in early diagnosis of SNHL in patients with epidemic parotitis.

Effect of cisplatin on the potassium channels of spiral ganglion neurons from neonatal rats / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of cisplatin on outward delayed rectifier potassium currents (IKDR currents) in isolated spiral ganglion neurons cells and to analyze possible intracellular mechanism of this effects by using the patch-clamp technique.@*METHOD@#The IKDR was recorded and measured before and after the application of 10 micromol/L cisplatin in external solution by using the whole cell patch-clamp technique.@*RESULT@#Cisplatin could inhibit SGNs voltage-dependent potassium channels, the zero current potential and reversal potential of IKDR currents were both shift to polarizing directions by 10 micromol/L cisplatin. Moreover, the maximal magnitude of IKDR currents were decreased by 23.3% when giving the test pulse at +50 mV. Cisplatin's inhibition on IKDR has dose-dependence with cisplatin-concentration in extracellular fluid and the currents recovered completely after cisplatin being washed out.@*CONCLUSION@#This research explained the toxic mechanism of cisplatin through its action on keeping from spiral ganglion neuron's IKDR from the electrophysiological aspect and set a foundation for further research.

THE STUDY ON ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE RAT ENDOLYMPHATIC SAC / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the anatomical and histological features of the rat endolymphatic sac. Methods The temporal bones of the healthy,adult SD rats were removed.The morphology of the endolymphatic sac were studied.Then the decalcified samples were embeded in paraffin.The sections of the endolymphatic sac were stained with HE method and observed histologically,and then examined immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibodies against IgG,CD 3 of the rat to investigate the immunocompetent cells in endolymphatic sac of the rats. Results Simple cuboidal and squamous epithelium were the main types of the epithelium in rat endolymphatic sac CD + 3,IgG + immunoreactive lymphocytes were found mainly in the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac.Conclusion\ The morphology of the rat endolymphatic sac is similar to those of human and guinea pig endolymphatic sacs.Some immunocompetent cells were found in the endolymphatic sac,suggesting that the endolymphatic sac plays an important role in immune of inner ear.\;[